Background
A universally accepted tumour classification is essential for standardized cancer diagnosis, surveillance, research, and public health action. Since its establishment in 1957, the WHO Classification of Tumours (WCT) has served as the global reference for tumour diagnosis, evolving into a multidimensional, evidence-based framework that integrates anatomical, histopathological, molecular, and genetic features, as well as epidemiological and clinical information. While its diagnostic role is well recognised, the broader contribution of the WCT to cancer prevention, early detection, surveillance, and response planning across the cancer control continuum remains underappreciated.
Objective
To examine the role of the WHO Classification of Tumours as a framework that promotes evidence-based decision-making across the cancer control continuum, with particular emphasis on prevention, early detection, surveillance, and public health planning, as well as on highlighting opportunities for interdisciplinary integration, including in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and other settings with limited resources.
Methods 
We conducted a structured analysis of the development, scope, and applications of the WCT, including its alignment with other WHO resources as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O). We summarised how the classification supports standardized reporting, population-based cancer registries, epidemiological research, screening programmes, and early detection strategies and represented the interrelated elements in a visual framework. Special attention was given to the integration of molecular pathology, guidance for evidence thresholds in defining new tumour entities, and governance structures supporting global relevance, including LMIC representation and capacity-building initiatives.
Results 
The proposed WCT framework shows how the classification underpins multiple stages of the cancer control continuum by enabling consistent diagnosis, harmonised data collection, and comparability of cancer statistics across regions and time. Its inclusion not only of the classification of tumours by site of occurrence, but also of precursor lesions and genetic tumour syndromes provides indirect but critical support for screening, early detection, and prevention strategies, with relevance for population-based programmes such as cervical and breast cancer screening. Alignment with ICD and ICD-O ensures that advances in tumour classification translate into improved surveillance, epidemiological research, and health policy development. Recent editions reflect rapid advances in molecular pathology while maintaining thorough evidence requirements to preserve clinical relevance and data comparability.
Conclusions
The WCT is a foundational, evidence-based resource that extends well beyond diagnostic pathology. Its systematic integration into prevention, early detection, surveillance, and response planning can strengthen cancer control strategies, improve data quality, and enhance global comparability. Greater engagement of public health professionals and policymakers with the WCT, particularly through interdisciplinary collaboration and LMIC-inclusive frameworks, has the potential to improve cancer outcomes, inform cost-effective interventions, and support equitable global cancer control.