BACKGROUND: Cancer remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, with low screening uptake contributing to late-stage diagnosis and high mortality. Public perception shaped by cultural beliefs, knowledge levels, fear of diagnosis, and socio-economic barriers plays a critical role in influencing individuals’ screening behaviors. Studies have documented myths (e.g., cancer as a death sentence or spiritual affliction), limited awareness of risk, and misconceptions about screening as major determinants of screening decisions in the Nigerian context. Moreover, poor dissemination of research findings and low trust in health systems further distort how communities interpret the value of cancer research and preventive practices, including early detection.
OBJECTIVE:
1. To assess public perception and awareness of cancer research among adults in Nigeria, including beliefs, misconceptions, and trust in scientific information.
2. To examine how public perceptions influence cancer screening behaviour, including willingness, barriers, and motivators for early detection practices.
3. To identify socio-cultural and health-system factors that shape community attitudes toward cancer research and screening uptake in Nigeria.
4. To provide evidence-based recommendations for improving research communication, community education, and screening uptake through strengthened public health action.
METHODS: This summary draws on secondary qualitative research and mixed-methods studies from Google Scholar and validated journal sources focusing on Nigeria. A key qualitative study in Ibadan used eight focus group discussions with women attending antenatal clinics to explore their awareness, perceptions, and utilization of cervical cancer screening. Transcribed discussions were analyzed thematically, revealing deeply rooted socio-cultural factors influencing screening behaviors. Additional mixed-method and quantitative data supplement contextual insights into perception and practice patterns.           
RESULTS: Qualitative findings show that many Nigerian women are unaware of cancer screening procedures and often do not perceive themselves at risk, despite believing early detection is beneficial. Barriers include ignorance, illiteracy, fear of positive results, financial constraints, and low perceived susceptibility. Mixed-method evidence indicates that although a proportion of women express positive perceptions, actual screening uptake remains low and is influenced by education, income, and residence.
CONCLUSION: Public perception in Nigeria significantly influences cancer screening behaviors. Misconceptions, cultural norms, and limited research communication inhibit early detection efforts. Enhancing community-tailored education, improving dissemination of research outcomes, and culturally sensitive interventions are essential to shift perceptions and increase informed screening participation.