Background. To study the HPV status of women with CIN, treated after the first round of screening.
Objectives. A pilot project for cervical cancer screening, within the framework of the joint UNDP-UNFPA Program "Strengthening the resilience of local communities in the Aral Sea region to environmental, economic, and public health vulnerabilities," was launched in 2021. HPV testing of women was conducted in two rounds: in 2021-2022 and 2023-2024.  
Methods. During the initial testing, 3,303 HPV-positive women aged 30-55 years were identified out of 49,002. The assay was performed on the Cepheid Gene Xpert System. Depending on the results of triage (colposcopy) and pathological examination, women were treated with thermal ablation and L??P.
Results: The retesting covered 2,862 women, which constituted 95.4% of the planned 3,000. The lowest coverage is observed in the Karauzyak district - 69.5% and the city of Nukus - 71.6%, insufficient coverage of repeat HPV testing is observed in the Shumanay (81.9%) and Muynak  (85.3%) districts. The highest coverage of retesting is noted in Bozatau district (100%). Of the 2,862 HPV-positive women, oncogenic HPV types were detected in 961 women, indicating persistence of HPV infection in 33.6% of cases; the lowest level of HPV persistence was observed in Buzatau (25.5%), Chimbay (26.5%), Nukus (26.7%), and the highest in Kanlykul (45.2%) and Muynak (43.1%). Of the previously HPV-positive women, virus elimination was observed in 1,901 cases (66.4%). The highest percentages were observed in Buzatau and Chimbay, at 74.5% and 73.5%, respectively, while the lowest were in Kanlykul (54.8%) and Muynak (56.9%). All HPV-positive women underwent colposcopy; patients with abnormal colposcopy and suspected cervical cancer were referred for in-depth diagnostics and treatment to a regional oncology center.
Conclusion: An analysis of the conducted HR HPV retesting of treated women indicates the need for mandatory monitoring of HPV-positive women for the early detection of relapse of CIN 2+ and early stages of cervical cancer in the case of persistent infection.